16 Tenses in Grammar

1. Simple Present Tense ( S + Infinitive / Infinitive(s/es) )



( + ) S + V1 + C
( - ) S + DO NOT/DOES NOT + V1 + C
( ? ) DO/DOES + S + V1 + C
Example :
( + ) I live in tangerang
( - ) I do not live in tangerang
( ? ) do I live in tangerang ?
The simple Present tense is :
- Used in Habit Action
‘She usually eats noodle for breakfast’
- stating the general truth that cannot be denied
‘The sun rises in the east’
Note : Infinitive does not change if preceded by the auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, do, does, did).
‘He can speak english’



2. Present Continous Tense ( S + to be (am, is, are) + Present Participle (ing))



( + ) S + TO BE + V-ing + C
( - ) S + TO BE + NOT + V-ing + C
( ? ) TO BE + S + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) you are taking my book
( - ) you are not taking my book
( ? ) are you taking my book ?
- Expression action in progress
‘I am studying english’
- Stating a temporary action.
‘She is reading now, but will write soon’
- Stating acts referred to in the future.
‘They are writing again in a few week’










3. Present Perfect Tense ( S + have/has + Past Participle )



( + ) S + HAVE/HAS + V3 + C
( - ) S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + V3 + C
( ? ) HAVE/HAS + S + V3 + C
Example :
( + ) andi has left his car
( - ) andi has not left his car
( ? ) has andi left his car ?
- Stating activities conducted the past and still noting to do with the present, but it did not last.
‘I have taught english for one week’  waktu kejadian tidak jelas.
- Declare the event that have occurred.
‘She has eaten’
- Indicates an action replay on indefinite period of time before now. The word ar often used : before, already, ever, never, yet.
‘I’ve heard before’
‘She has never been there before’
- Indicates action completed in short time. The word are often used : at last, finally, just, recently.
‘The time at last arrived’






4. Present Perfect Continous Tense ( S + have/has +been + Present Participle (ing) )



( + ) S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ing + C
( - ) S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + V-ing + C
( ? ) HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) me and my family have been taking bath in river
( - ) me and my family have not been taking bath in river
( ? ) have me and my family been taking bath in river ?
- Stating works commencing on the past and has continued until now.
‘We have been waiting for you since eight o’clock’














5. Past Tense ( S + Past Tense )



( + ) S + V2 + C
( - ) S + DID NOT + V1 + C
( ? ) DID + S + V1+ C
Example :
( + ) ikhsan bought a bag
( - ) ikhsan did not buy a bag
( ? ) did ikhsan buy a bag ?
- Stating acts which was completed in the past ( time to clear )
‘She came here last month’














6. Past Continous Tense ( She + was/were + Present Participle (ing) )



( + ) S + WAS/WERE + V-ing + C
( - ) S + WAS/WERE + NOT + V-ing + C
( ? ) WAS/WERE + S + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) the cat was eating a fish
( - ) the cat was not eating a fish
( ? ) was the cat eating a fish ?
- Stating acts which has already begun and is still going on when the other acts followed in the past.
‘When I came to his home, he was playing computer’
-Stating action is happening in the past.
‘He was watching TV all afternoon yesterday’











7. Past Perfect Tense ( S + had + Past Participle )



( + ) S + HAD + V3 + C
( - ) S + HAD + NOT + V3 + C
( ? ) HAD + S + V3 + C
Example :
( + ) we had locked the door
( - ) we had not locked the door
( ? ) had we locked the door ?
- Stating acts that have been completed before any other act done in the past.
‘When my mother went, I had cleaned that room’.
‘He told me has name after I had asked him twice’
Note : The Past Perfect should be used if an act is past time is earlier than the other acts.
The first act is finished, we use The Past Perfect, and deed that we both use The Past Tense.











8. Past Perfect Continous ( S + had + been + Present Participle (ing) )



( + ) S + HAD + BEEN + V-ing + C
( - ) S + HAD + NOT + V-ing + C
( ? ) HAD + S + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) amie had been loving anie
( - ) amie had not been loving anie
( ? ) had amie been loving anie ?
- Indicate the action that goes in the past
‘When I finished my dinner, he had been playing guitar’
‘When I came to Surabaya in 1980, he had already been living there about five years’













9. Future Tense ( S + will/shall + Infinitive )



( + ) S + WILL/SHALL + V1 + C
( - ) S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + V1 + C
( ? ) WILL/SHALL + S + V1 + C
Example :
( + ) my mother will come this night
( - ) my mother will not come this night
( ? ) will may mother come this night ?
-Declare acts to be performade in the future.
‘She will review that lesson’
‘I shall go wih you’














10. Future Continous Tense ( S + will/shall + be + Present Participle (ing) )



( + ) S + WILL/SHALL + BE + V-ing + C
( - ) S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + BE + V-ing + C
( ? ) WILL/SHALL + S + BE + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) you will be saving my money
( - ) you will be not saving my money
( ? ) will you be saving my money ?
- Indicate the action which will be taking place time to clear
‘At this time tomorrow, I shall be getting exam’
‘He will be studying at eight o’clock tomorrow’














11. Future Perfect Tense ( S + will/shall + have + Past Participle )



( + ) S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + V3 + C
( - ) S + WILL/SHALL + NOT + HAVE + V3 + C
( ? ) WILL/SHALL + S + HAVE + V3 + C
Example :
( + ) unun will have played the doll
( - ) unun will not have played the doll
( ? ) will unun have played the doll ?
- Stating act which has already begun in the past and will be completed in the future.
‘By next week, I shall have read this book’
‘Shinta will have done this work by the end of this week’












12. Future Perfect Continous Tense ( S + will/shall + have + been + Present Participle )



( + ) S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + Ving
( - ) S + WILL/SHALL + HAVE + NOT + BEEN + Ving
( ? ) WILL/SHALL + S + HAVE + BEEN + Ving
Example :
( + ) igo will have been walking
( - ) igo will not have been walking
( ? ) will igo have been walking ?
- Same as Tha Future Perfect, but there is a possibility that action continued in the future.
‘By the end of this year, we shall have been studying Korean language for three years’













13. Past Future Tense ( S + would/should + Infinitive )



( + ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + V1 + C
( - ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + V1 + C
( ? ) WOULD/SHOULD + S + V1 + C
Example :
( + ) ade would run on the street
( - ) ade would not run on the street
( ? ) would ade run on the street ?
- Stating act which will be done in the past.
‘They would go to Balik Papan the following day’
‘He would buy a car the previous day’














14. Past Future Continous Tense ( S + would/should + be + Present Pariciple (ing) )



( + ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + BE + V-ing + C
( - ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + BE + V-ing + C
( ? ) WOULD/SHOULD + S + BE + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) iqoh would be traveling to America
( - ) iqoh would not be traveling to America
( ? ) would iqoh be traveling to America ?
- Stating that will act beingdone in the past.
‘I should be taking an examination at this time the following day’














15. Past Future Perfect Tense ( S + would/should + have + Past Participle )



( + ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + HAVE + V3 + C
( - ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + HAVE + V3 + C
( ? ) WOULD/SHOULD + S + HAVE + V3 + C
Example :
( + ) I would have studied English
( - ) I would not have studied English
( ? ) would I have studied English ?
- Stating supposition that can not happen because the conditions that will certainly not be met, but only as a conditional requirement was met in the past.
‘He would have graduated, if he had studied hard’
In fact : He didn’t graduated.












16. Past Future Perfect ( S + would/should + have + been + Present Participle (ing) )



( + ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing + C
( - ) S + WOULD/SHOULD + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing + C
( ? ) WOULD/SHOULD + S + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing + C
Example :
( + ) the horse would have been drinking in pool
( - ) the horse would not have been drinking in pool
( ? ) would the horse have been drinking inn pool ?
- Same as Future Perfect Tense, but in the past tense.
‘By last Lebaran, I should have been working at that office for five years’
‘By the end of the month last semester, Zahra would have been studying computeritation at Gunadarma University for three years’












“English is the world’s
so in english we can hold the world”




Created By :

Musliha Malikah